The Evolution of the Rugby Ball
As a unique and competitive sport, one of the indispensable things in rugby is the rugby ball. Richard Lindon and William Gilbert, shoemakers close to the Rugby School, stepped up by providing balls to the school. The original rugby balls were designed using pigs bladders and leather casings, but a replacement was quickly sourced due to health issues caused by inflating the pigs bladders.
India rubber was chosen as a replacement in 1862, but the material was harder to inflate. A large brass air pump was developed to inflate the balls to solve this problem. The oval shape and the dimensions of the rugby ball were written into the rules in 1892.
Over the years, leather balls have been phased out in favour of polyester as the backing material. This helps the ball maintain its oval shape, while other materials improve its water resistance and performance.
A statue of Webb Ellis stands outside the Rugby School in Rugby, Warwickshire, England. The statue depicts him running with a ball, referencing the belief that he was the first to do so.
The Rules and the Creation of the Rugby League
The rugby rules are almost as old as the sport. The first set of rules was written by pupils of the Rugby School as far back as 1845. These rules were made into illustrations to give a clear picture of the game.
The early rules promoted certain actions, such as hacking, which were banned as the game developed further. Due to the split between the Rugby League and Rugby Union, the current rules vary depending on the governing body.
The original rugby governing body, the Rugby Football Union or RFU, was created far back in 1871. This was a decision by representatives of 21 local clubs. By creating this union and unions in other countries, international rugby matches became a reality.
Despite the success of the RFU in regulating rugby matches, its decision to operate an amateur sport didn't sit with many clubs and lovers of the sport. The majority of the clubs that expressed displeasure in this decision were Northern Clubs, making it easier for them to push for a split. They would later leave the Rugby Union in 1895 to form the Northern Rugby Union.
This body later adopted the Rugby League as its formal name in 1922. The inclusion of player payments in the rules of the Rugby League was one of its attractive features. This is a feature that the Rugby Union would later adopt almost 100 years after 1995 to become a professional rugby league.
The Four Nations is one of the top sports events run by the Rugby League and features New Zealand, Australia, England, and a fourth participant chosen by qualification or invitation.
The Six Nations Rugby Tournament and the Commonwealth
The Six Nations competition is a tournament that features England, Ireland, Wales, Italy, Scotland, and France. Wales has the most Six nations titles with a total of 39 titles consisting of 27 outright and 12 shared titles. England is close behind with 38 titles – 28 outright wins and ten shared titles.
As one of the top competitors in the tournament's history, England holds the title for the longest winning streak with 11 games, while Italy has the longest losing streak at 13 games. The most points in the tournament have been scored by Ronan O'Gara, an Irish player with 557 points.
The Commonwealth Games is another top international event that features rugby. The Rugby Sevens format of the sport has been played at the games since 1998 as a men's tournament and finally included the women's competition in 2018. The games feature competitors from commonwealth countries, and regular participants include England, Australia, Wales, New Zealand, and Canada.